Coal distillation oven and the like



March 2, 1937. F. TOTZEK 2,072,321

COAL DISTILLAION OVENS AND THE LIKE l Original Filed June l5, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Vl Il..

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//N/ ///n //////n///////// Patented Mar. 2, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE assigner, by mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, a corporation of Delaware Application June 15,

Renewed January 26,

tember 19, 1932 3 Claims.

The invention relates to chamber or retort ovens for the production of gas and coke by the distillation of fuels, particularly mineral coal and `particularly to ovens for the production of gas 5 and coke wherein the coking chambers or retorts for receiving the fuel and the devices serving to Vpreheat the heating media, the regenerators or recuperators are formed of masonry of refractory stones. y Essential requirements of the masonry forming the coking chambers and preheating devices are that the masonry walls which separate from one another hollow spaces, in which the various Vmedium be present, are to gas as impermeable as possible. As examples of such partitions may be mentioned the walls of the coking chambers, in so far as these walls are provided with heating passages therein, as well as also partitions between the regenerators and other preheating devices.

In so far as these partitions are erected in multiple layer masonry the production of a sufficient gas tightness does not cause any considerable diiculty when using kno-wn auxiliary means in the building art. However up to the present a suitable solution has not yet been found for rendering single layer partitions gas tight. In this connection it will be understood that this is with the exception that naturally by the selection of a suitable mortar a certain gas tightness of the points between the separate masonry stones can be obtained, but the impermeability of the mortar becomes ineffective as soon as the separate stones of the masonry move relatively to one another, for example by reason of the unavoidable heat expansions which take place in every oven.

The main object of the present inventionl is to construct the masonry of single layer partitions between gas conducting hollow spaces of coke ovens and the like so that a substantially com- 40 plete gas tightness is still maintained, even ii for any reason the mortar layer filling the joints of the masonry loses its gas tightness.

This object is obtained principally according to the present invention by providing the separate stones of'the partition on the middle of all sides which are turned towards the adjacent stones of the partition, with groove shaped recesses extending parallel to the wall surface so that in the completely constructed partition the recesses of adjacent stones are turned towards `one another so as to form a passage network within the partition into which lead all the joints between the masonry stones. This passage network is connected at suitable points with the hollow space V t of tle structure located on one side of the wall or 1935, serial No. 730,734 1937. In Germany Sepwith the outer air or with another device by which either the gas which has penetrated into the passage network is removed or such a pressure is maintained in the wall passage network that gas cannot in fact enter the wall passage network.

The present invention is particularly of imporv tancerfor the construction of walls, consisting of separate stones, for coking chambers or retorts which are indirectly heated by the wall passages provided in the chamber walls. These partitions must have a high heat permeability which necessitates them being made as thin as possible. In practice therefore only a single layer masonry is used for the partitions between heating passages and coking chambers or retorts. When charging coal into` the hot chamber, there, however, occurs easily in the coking chamber or in the vicinity of the chamber wall in consequence of the sudden and considerable generation of gas, a relatively very high gas pressure as the gases Which escape immediately after lling the chamber cannot be drawn off quickly enough. The result of this is that the distillation gas during the rst period of coking escapes in comparatively large quantities through the joints of the chamber walls into the wall heating passages and there burns. The gas losses thus caused are under certain circumstances very considerable. In addition there are formed easily in the heating passages cutting flames which may give rise to serious damage of the masonry by reason of local overheating.

When a passage network according to the present invention is provided in the wall of the coking chamber and this passage network is connected with the upper part of the coking chamber, generally referred to as the gas collecting chamber, it is possible to conduct away the gases, which escape at the beginning oi the coking from the parts of the chamber charge located directly against the chamber wall and which cannot be withdrawn quickly enough through the coal mass into the gas collecting chamber, through the wall `passage network and thence into the gas collecting chamber without these quantities of gas penetrating into the heating passages of the chamber wall.

Similarl advantages are obtained by the use of `the invention for example in cases in which the partitions between the regenerators for gas andair must be formed of single layers, as for instance when the space underneath the ovens is too restricted to construct these partitions of multi-layers. In this case the wall passage network is preferably lled with an inert gas, for example waste gas, so that in the case of pressure difference between the gas and air regenerators only the neutral gas is drawn from the wall passage network into the regenerator at a low pressure and not the medium from the other regenerator. In this manner the passage of gas into the air regenerator or vice versa and the formation of cutting flames almost universally associated with such passing over are prevented with certainty.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal s ection in three different planes on lines AA, B-B and C--C, of Fig. 2 showing a horizontal chamber oven for the production of gas and coke, of which the chamber walls are provided with the wall passage network according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section on the line D-D of Fig. 3 through a part of the horizontal chamber oven battery, on a larger scale.

Fig. 3 shows a horizontal cross section of a part of the chamber wall provided with the heating passages, on a larger scale.

In the coke oven shown in Fig. 1 the coal is charged into a horizontal chamber I, consisting of masonry, which on both narrow sides is provided with closable openings for forcing out the iinished coke. In the roof 2 of the coking chamber are provided charging openings 3 for charging the coal to be coked.

The coking chambers I are formed laterally by walls 4, consisting of refractory masonry, in which are provided vertical passages in which gas andA air are burnt for the purpose of heating the coking chambers.

As shown in Fig. 1 the vertical heating passages 5 of the chamber walls are connected together in pairs at the top and bottom by openings 6 and 1.

Under the chamber walls are located the regenerators Sand 8, for preheating the heating media, of which the lateral openings 8a and 9a are so connected to the heating gas pipe and the waste gas pipe, not shown in the drawings, that alternately there may be conducted into each regenerator gas or air for the purpose of preheating or waste gases for the purpose of bein` drawn into the chimney.

The regenerators 8 and 9 are separated from one another by a partition Il)V located in the middle. Each of the regenerators 8 and 9 cornmunlcates with a distributing passage II or I2 located above the oppositely disposed regenerator, whilst these passages I I and I2 cross one another inthe manner of scissors, at the middle of the oven, as indicated at I3, without however communicating with one another.

To the renegerators 8 or to the distributing passage I2, associated therewith are connected by passages I4, one set of heating passages (in Fig. 1 the left hand heating passage of each pair of heating passages) whilst the other heating passage ofV each pair of heating passages is connected by the passages I5 to the regenerator 9 or the distributing passage associated therewith.

The connection between the regenerators and heating passages is such that when combustion air is supplied to the Yregenerator 8 in Fig. 1, this combustion air is rst heated by the refractory chequer work I6 ofthe regenerator 8 and is then distributed by the passages I4 to the alternating heating passages 5. Through an adjacent regenerator 8 heating gas, for example vgenerator gas, is preheated during the same operating period. I'he gas is also distributed to the heating passages 5 which are also supplied with combustion air. As shown in Fig. 2 each heating passage 5 is connected for this purpose by passages I5 to two regenerators 9 and 9.

The combustion media (gas and air) supplied at the bottom into the heating passages 5 are burnt therein. The wastegases rise upwardly and pass through the upper connecting opening 6 into the adjacent heating passage 5 and thenilow downwardly in these and are inally withdrawn at the bottom of the heating passage through theY passage I5 into the waste gas regenerator 9 or the horizontal passage II associated therewith. In the regenerator 9 the waste gases impart a portion of their heat to the usual refractory chequer work I6 of the regenerator.

As S0911 as temperature of the chequer work in the regenerators 8 has been reduced to such an extent that suilicient preheating of the media is no longer obtained the direction of flow of the media is reversed 1'. e. the regenerators through which the waste gases previously passed are now supplied with air or gas and hot waste gases are supplied to the oppositely disposed regenerators.

In the walls 4 of the coking chamber I there is provided a series of horizontalV passages I 'I and vertical passages I8 and I9. These walls consist of Ysingle layer masonry of refractory stones. The passages I1, I8 and I9 are formed in the heating wall by providing all the stones of the heating walls with groove like recesses which extend parallel to the wall face over the sides of the sides which are located within the masonry. These groove like recesses are so arranged that the recesses of adjacent stones in the nished-wall are turned towards one another. The horizontal passages I 1 of the chamber walls thus consist one half of the upper recesses of one layer of masonry and the other half of the lower recesses of the stone layer above this.

As the partitions as a rule are built together it is necessary for constructing the vertical wall passages I8A to provide holes I8a. at the middle of the separate masonry stones. preferably provided in those masonry stones having the largest dimensions so that weak stones in the masonry are avoided as much as possible.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the vertical passages I8, to which lead all the horizontal passages I1, of the chamber walls, are connected at the upper end by passages 20 in the roof of the chambers to the gas collecting chamber of thechamber. By this connection it is possible to conduct for example distillation gases, penetratingat the lower part of the chamber into the chamber walls or the passagesy I1, I8, into the gas collecting chamber without it being necessary for the gases to pass through the chamber charge.

'Ihe invention is particularly of importance forA horizontal chamber. ovens or the like for medium temperature cokingfof` fuels for the production of gas andhousehold coke. I n these coke ovens the temperature of the chamber walls is considerably lower than in ovens used for the production of normal blast furnace coke. It-isfwell known thatA in the chamber walls` ofthe usual coke ovensthere always takes. place a decomposition of the hydrocarbons which penetrates into masonry joints. As a result of this decomposition there is formed an elementary hydrocarbon which is deposited in the masonry J'Qints in the form of graphite which more or less lls the joints, In this manner a comparativelyhlgh gas tightness These holes are of the chamber walls without external action can be obtained under circumstances in a normal high temperature coke oven. y

At the very low temperatures to which the chamber walls are heated during medium temperature coking the above mentioned decomposition of the hydrocarbons with the separation of elementary carbon, however, does not take place or only to such an extent that an automatic packing of the masonry joints is not observed in any case. Consequently it is necessary in medium temperature ovens to place considerable importance on as gas tight a wall construction as possible.

The gas tightness of the chamber Walls obtained by the wall passage network may be still further increased according to the invention, particularly in the case of medium temperature coke ovens, by increasing the thickness of the wall stones. For high temperature coking there is selected normally about .1.00 to mm. as stone thickness for the chamber walls. In medium temperature ovensv with wall passage network or without this the thickness oi the stones is preferably increased to about to 150 mm. In order to compensate the increased drop in temperature caused by this increased stone thickness the temperatures in the heating passages of the walls must then be increased. This is also associated with an increase in temperature of the masonry in the parts of the chamber walls adjacent to the heating passages. This temperature increase is suicient to reach the temperature zone in which the above mentioned advantageous decomposition of hydrocarbons with separation of elementary hydrocarbon takes place, so that thus in the parts of the chamber walls adjacent the heating passages, a more or less far reaching automatic packing of the masonry joints occurs by the deposition of hydrocarbons or graphite.

My present invention, which has been described above with reference to a single example of construction is not limited to the form of construction shown, but is capable of modification within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a coking retort oven battery: a series of alternate coking chambers and iiued heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side, the flues of the heating walls being separated from the adjacent coking chambers by a single layer partition wall of superimposed courses of stones with horizontal mortar coursing joints, horizontal gas channels extending lengthwise of the heating walls throughout the horizontal mortar coursing joints and within the confines of the bricks of adjacent superimposed courses of the single layer partitions and communicating with the joints between said stones to intercept any gas that may leak through the mortar coursing joints from the chambers on either side of the partition, and vertical gas channels within the confines of the single layer partitions and communcably connecting the horizontal gas channels therein or flow of gas through the channels and stone joints to prevent gas leakage through the single layer partitions relative to the coking chambers on one side and the heating flues therefor on the opposite side of the single layer partition separating the same.

2. A coke oven battery as claimed in claim 1 and in which the vertical channels of the single layer partitions lead at their upper ends into the upper part of the adjacent coking chamber at the gas collecting chamber portion thereof.

3. A coke oven battery as claimed in claim 1 and in which the Vertical channels of the single layer partitions lead at their upper ends into the upper part of the adjacent coking chamber at the gas collecting chamber portion thereof and in which the ends of the vertical channels which lead into the gas collecting portion of the coking chambers are so directed downwardly that the coal charged into the chambers cannot enter said channels.

FRIEDRICH TOTZEK. 

